Understanding Freight Classification for Import Cost Calculation
Freight classification determines shipping rates for LTL (Less than Truckload) shipments. Understanding how to calculate freight class helps importers estimate domestic transportation costs accurately.
What is Freight Class?
The National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) assigns freight classes from 50 to 500 based on four factors: density, stowability, handling, and liability. Higher class numbers indicate higher shipping costs.
Key Classification Factors
- Density: Weight per cubic foot - denser items typically get lower (cheaper) classes
- Stowability: How easily items fit with other freight - unusual shapes may increase class
- Handling: Special requirements increase class (fragile, hazardous materials)
- Liability: Higher value items may require higher class designation
Common Import Freight Classes
| Class | Density (lbs/cubic ft) | Typical Products | Rate Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | 50+ | Dense items, machinery parts | Lowest rates |
| 125 | 15-22.5 | Electronics, auto parts | Moderate rates |
| 200 | 8-10 | Furniture, appliances | Higher rates |
| 400 | 1-2 | Ping pong balls, deer antlers | Highest rates |
How to Calculate Freight Class
Step 1: Measure your shipment (length × width × height in inches)
Step 2: Calculate cubic feet (divide by 1,728)
Step 3: Divide weight by cubic feet for density
Step 4: Use NMFTA classification guide or freight class calculator
Impact on Import Costs
Freight class significantly affects domestic transportation costs within the destination country. A class 400 shipment can cost 3-4 times more than class 50 for the same weight and distance.
Proper classification prevents costly reclassification fees and delivery delays. When in doubt, work with experienced freight forwarders who understand NMFTA guidelines.
